In this article, information is provided about what Thoracic Outlet Syndrome is, how it occurs, its symptoms, and what international sources recommend. In light of this information, you can find answers to questions such as the diagnosis, treatment, surgical methods, risks, and how many days you need to stay in the hospital after surgery for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.
What is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome occurs due to the compression of blood vessels and nerve structures in the area called the Thoracic Outlet at the upper part of the chest, leading to:
- Shoulder or arm pain,
- Numbness or discoloration in the hand,
- One hand being colder than the other.
This condition is generally caused by a series of events involving the first rib. Congenital band-like structures, an abnormal rib, or trauma in this area can lead to this disease.
How is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Diagnosed?
It is diagnosed through physical examination findings, along with imaging techniques such as CT scans, MRIs, and nerve conduction studies such as EMG. Below is a special CT scan image taken of a patient.
What are the Treatment Methods for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
Some physical therapy exercises and medications that strengthen nerve structures and prevent blood clotting in the vessels are used. If adequate response is not achieved, surgical methods are used.
Why Do I Need Surgery?
This surgery is performed to correct pathological conditions in the upper part of the chest, usually involving the first rib. The condition is treated by removing the cervical rib, if present, and the first rib to relieve pressure on the nerves and/or blood vessels.
What Do International Sources Recommend?
- Abe, M., K. Ichinohe, and J. Nishida. “Diagnosis, Treatment, and Complications of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.” Journal of Orthopaedic Science 4 1 (1999): 66-69. National Center for Biotechnology Information. National Library of Medicine. 25 Sep. 2008.
- Braddom, Randolph L. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2000.
- Chang, A. K., and Stephen J. Bohan. “Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.” eMedicine. Eds. Richard S. Krause, et al. 4 Feb. 2008. Medscape. 29 Dec. 2008 http://emedicine.com/emerg/topic578.htm
- Mackinnon, S. E., and C. B. Novak. “Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.” Current Problems in Surgery 39 11 (2002): 1070-1145. National Center for Biotechnology Information. National Library of Medicine. 25 Sep. 2008.
- Sucher, B. M. “Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.” eMedicine. Eds. Robert E. Windsor, et al. 13 Dec. 2006. Medscape. 29 Dec. 2008 http://emedicine.com/pmr/topic136.htm
What Are the Surgical Methods?
During surgery, bands causing compression on nerves and/or blood vessels in the upper neck region are released, and if a cervical rib is present, along with the first rib, it is removed. This can be performed either through an incision made under the armpit or through an incision made over the clavicle. If there is no cervical rib, only the first rib is removed.
What Are the Risks of Surgery?
Injuries to blood vessels and nerves may occur. There may also be a recurrence of the disease. Other possible complications include diaphragm elevation, bleeding, and nerve damage. The risk is very low when performed by an experienced surgical team.
How Many Days Should I Stay in the Hospital After Surgery?
Usually, a 3-day hospital stay is sufficient.
